ABSTRACT
Historically, fan attendance at sporting events has always been considered an advantage for the home team. The level of fan attendance at soccer matches was evaluated as a decisive effect to modify the performance of the home teams in the most important soccer leagues around the world. We exploit the effects of the absence of spectators driven by COVID-19 pandemic mitigation policies. We find that the advantage of the home field, measured by the proportion of wins and also by the numbers of goals and points scored, is remarkable in many leagues. We performed comparative hypothesis tests with eight of the world's top soccer leagues, confirming a decrease in the probability of a home win, greatly affecting the matches´ outcomes. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Soccer & Society is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate changes in physical activity and health trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea using data from the 2019, 2020, and 2021 Korea National Sports Participation Survey (KNSPS). A total of 15,656 adult males (5487 people in 2019, 4791 people in 2020, and 5378 people in 2021) were selected for this research. Descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance were performed. In this study, we revealed changes in sports activities, participation levels, health and fitness status perception, and health and fitness maintenance factors of Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the participation rate in outdoor sports activities, such as walking, gate ball, golf, and fishing has increased compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, the participation rate of indoor sports activities, such as bodybuilding, swimming, yoga, and Pilates showed a decreasing trend. Participation period, frequency, and intensity, which evaluate the level of sports participation, also showed significant differences during COVID-19, but as the sports participation levels have not changed regularly, it cannot be attributed to COVID-19. Finally, health and fitness status perception were found to be worse after the COVID-19 outbreak than before. In addition, the rate of considering regular physical activity participation as a factor to maintain health and fitness after the COVID-19 outbreak increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data to recognize the impact of the pandemic on our lives and promote healthy and regular physical activity in preparation for any pandemic that may occur in the future.
ABSTRACT
In order to improve risk prevention and control capabilities for international sports events under the background of COVID-19, case data of 23 international sports since the pandemic outbreak were collected, and an evolutionary network model with COVID-19 as risk source was established. Then, risk analysis on the model was carried out based on in-and-out degree, number of sub-net nodes, the shortest path and average path of complex network theory, key risk event nodes were identified, and preventive measures were put forward. Finally, critical chains were obtained by analyzing causal mechanism and types of risk chains, and countermeasures and suggestions for chain disconnection and disaster mitigation were put forward. The results show that severe epidemic situation and rising risk of virus transmission in host cities are the key nodes in evolutionary network, and cycle chain of political relations and public opinion is the most destructive one. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of a public opinion monitoring system and strengthen positive publicity of sports events. © 2020 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In order to improve risk prevention and control capabilities for international sports events under the background of COVID-19, case data of 23 international sports since the pandemic outbreak were collected, and an evolutionary network model with COVID-19 as risk source was established. Then, risk analysis on the model was carried out based on in-and-out degree, number of sub-net nodes, the shortest path and average path of complex network theory, key risk event nodes were identified, and preventive measures were put forward. Finally, critical chains were obtained by analyzing causal mechanism and types of risk chains, and countermeasures and suggestions for chain disconnection and disaster mitigation were put forward. The results show that severe epidemic situation and rising risk of virus transmission in host cities are the key nodes in evolutionary network, and cycle chain of political relations and public opinion is the most destructive one. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of a public opinion monitoring system and strengthen positive publicity of sports events. © 2020 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the room acoustics design of sports facilities is discussed over a long-term experience on contemporary sports arenas designed and/or built-in recent years. These arenas are serving as spaces accommodating entertainment facilities from sports events to pop concerts. Acoustic design considerations vary from providing the intelligibility of the instructor to creating the required lively ambiance in these halls. Acoustical comfort conditions need to be arranged in sports arenas considering volume, function, and designated atmosphere together. The challenge of taming the reverberation time in a large arena volume increase when there is no sufficient area - approved by the design team or client- to apply sound absorptive materials. The absence of the audience after the Covid-19 pandemic has caused even a greater problem due to the lack of main sound absorptive areas in sports halls. In this study room acoustics design parameters and design limitations in sports arena projects are discussed through the available literature and in-house experience of the authors. Current practices and multi-function uses of recent sports arena designs are discussed from acoustical point of view. Comparative analysis of acoustical conditions in different cases is shared to guide future arena designs and to contribute to room acoustics studies in the field. © International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (IIAV), 2022.
ABSTRACT
The link between sports and tourism has been widely researched. In this context, many studies have focused on sports event (SEs), finding that SEs provide a multitude of opportunities but also face many challenges at a local level. Despite the academic interest in the sports event tourism field, there is still little synthesis and no overview of research directions. Therefore, we proposed answering three research questions (RQs): What do we know today about the tourism perspectives of sports events? (RQ1);What are the main tourism implications of a sports event? (RQ2);What are the most and least investigated streams of research in this specific field of study? (RQ3). To answer these questions we conducted a systematized literature analysis including worldwide literature published between June 2000 and October 2020. Based on the findings, we provided insights into six clusters and their characteristics and highlighted major avenues to describe how SEs provide unique assets for tourism host destinations. Finally, we drew attention to important implications for future research, particularly in the context of the role of events for tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 time. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Este estudio contribuye a la literatura existente sobre comunicación deportiva proporcionando evidencia sobre cómo las organizaciones deportivas se comunicaron en las redes sociales durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Para tal fin, se realizó un análisis de contenido de las publicaciones de las redes sociales Facebook, Twitter e Instagram de cinco grandes competiciones: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague, NBA, La Liga y la UEFA Champions League. En total se analizaron 2.425 publicaciones recopiladas por un período de dos semanas (1 al 15 de abril de 2020). Los resultados mostraron que, a pesar de las diferencias encontradas desde una perspectiva descriptiva, tras el análisis estadístico, las organizaciones deportivas analizadas optaron por una estrategia de gestión similar de sus redes sociales. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a comprender cómo las organizaciones deportivas lidiaron con el COVID-19, y ayudarlas a enfrentar crisis futuras con un mayor conocimiento sobre sus acciones pasadas.
Resumo Este estudo contribui para a literatura existente sobre comunicação esportiva, fornecendo evidências sobre como as organizações esportivas se comunicaram nas redes sociais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Para isso, procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo das publicações nas redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e Instagram de cinco grandes competições: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague, NBA, La Liga e UEFA Champions League. No total, 2.425 publicações coletadas em um período de duas semanas (1º de abril a 15 de abril de 2020) foram analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar das diferenças encontradas do ponto de vista descritivo, após a análise estatística, as organizações esportivas analisadas optaram por uma estratégia de gestão semelhante para suas redes sociais. Essas descobertas podem ajudar a entender como as organizações esportivas lidaram com a covid-19 e ajudá-las a enfrentar crises futuras com maior percepção de suas ações passadas.
Abstract This study contributes to the existing literature on sports communication by providing evidence on how sports organizations communicated on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a content analysis was carried out on the publications of the social networks Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram of five major competitions: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague), NBA, La Liga and the UEFA Champions League. In total, 2,425 publications collected over a period of two weeks (April 1 to April 15, 2020) were analyzed. The results showed that, despite the differences found from a descriptive perspective, after the statistical analysis, the sports organizations analyzed opted for a similar management strategy for their social media. These findings can help understand how sports organizations dealt with COVID-19 and help them face future crises with greater insight into their past actions.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: As a planetary health challenge, COVID-19 forced governments around the world to take action to prevent the most severe consequences resulting from the spread of the virus. These measures ranged from stay-at-home orders to limitations on indoor and outdoor activities, travel restrictions and the cancelation of sports events, all of which affected people's leisure activities and daily lives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine changes in sports-related leisure behavior in terms of attending major sports events, following major sports events via media, travel intentions and the use of new sports offerings. Furthermore, we aimed to identify variables associated with changed sports-related leisure behavior during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (n = 1,809) was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 in the Alpine regions of Austria, Germany and Italy. Sports-related leisure behavior was investigated for changes during the pandemic compared to the time before the coronavirus outbreak and for differences between the three countries. Results: Results showed that the self-reported importance of attending major sports events decreased significantly in the Alpine regions of all three countries during COVID-19. Prevailing restrictions affected vacation planning for over 80% of participants. A majority of approximately three quarters of respondents stated they had spent their holidays at home during the travel restrictions. Sports facilities and opportunities played an important role in the choice of vacation destination for more than half of participants. A binary logistic regression showed significant correlations between vacation planning during COVID-19 and the variables gender, income, quality of life and mental health. 31.9% of all respondents tried new sports offerings during extended restrictions, with a large proportion (72.4%) using apps, online tools or courses. Furthermore, approximately 30% of respondents increased their e-sports consumption. Discussion: The results showed that sports-related leisure behavior in Alpine regions changed in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, policymakers as well as sports and leisure providers should react to these behavioral changes and adapt their portfolio and services to meet consumers92 demands.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics/prevention & control , Quality of Life , Austria/epidemiology , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
Objective: Sports mass gatherings of people pose particular concerns and place an additional burden on the host countries and the countries of origin of the travelers. It is imperative to identify how countries dealt with various communicable diseases in the context of previous world cups and identify possible advice for protection from outbreaks. Methods: A scoping review was employed in this study and a PRISMA extension for scoping reviews was employed to guide the reporting of this study. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and Google scholar. The search strategy included two main strings viz "communicable disease" AND "sport" AND "setting" as keywords for each string. A total of 34 studies were included in this review. Results: Information on risk factors for infectious diseases during FIFA, and recommendations for disease prevention in various stages of the event: pre-event, during, and post-event were charted. These strategies can be achieved with the empowerment of the public by enhancing their social responsibility and the coordination between the healthcare system, the ministry of public health, and other stakeholders. Conclusion: The findings will support planning for protection strategies to prevent any outbreak while having the FIFA World Cup or any other sports gatherings. A model was constructed to present the findings and recommendations from this review.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Communicable Diseases , Sports , Humans , Mass Gatherings , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Post COVID-19 pandemic, sports events and sports activities have been severely affected. The mega sports events were either postponed or held in the absence of live audience. Through this study we investigate the progressive use of social media by fans and other stakeholders to express their support to favorite sports teams, athletes, coaches, sports organizations, sponsors and more during COVID-19. UEFA Euro 2020 was conducted across 12 countries with an intent to show unity and bring normalcy in sports business during the third wave of COVID-19. Hashtag analysis and mention analysis have been performed to find sports teams, athletes or other stakeholders that were directly being discussed about by the fans. We also focused on tweet context annotations that provide entities as pairs of domain and entity collected from tweets’ text. Our results indicated that hashtags and mentions alone cannot substantially justify the popularity of any entity. Thus, from the point of view of identifying any athlete, team, organization or any sponsor as a brand, tweet context annotations can be valuable from the perspective of E-Branding, E-Marketing and E-Commerce. © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
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This investigation presents a case study on the influence of the tourist impact that the car race World Touring Car Cup (WTCR), in the Vila Real International Circuit, has on the city, a place traditionally known for its Cultural Tourism. In fact, after the Troika Crisis, and until the COVID pandemic emerged, Portugal was experiencing a boom in Tourism, particularly on the coast and in cities like Porto, Lisbon, Cascais, or Braga. Aware of this situation, the cities of the countryside start defining strategies to take advantage of this favorable wave for tourism, opting for areas where they would have more diversity offer. Given this, it is proposed Cultural and Sport Tourism as the best options for Vila Real city. Thus, it was decided to understand the connection that sport has with tourism and culture. For this purpose, the case study methodology and quantitative technics were used, for a better understanding of the connection of the concepts, in the perception of the public that traveled to the city to watch the races and the event in general, as well as the public that obligatorily attended the races for living in the city and/or on the circuit route and those audiences who watch the event via online transmission. It is intended, therefore, to understand the dimension of the Cultural and Sports Tourism that is experienced in the city, attending its social, cultural, and economic impacts, and if it has been rising according to the growth of the event and its internationality. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The half marathon approximately 21 kilometers started in the 1980s, and the marathon has shown a diversified development since then. The focus of this research is on the marathon in Taiwan before the COVID-19 pandemic. The selected research method is to integrate the attribute data and spatial data on the GIS platform. Preliminary information on the GIS platform shows that all types of events are held in the western part of the eastern part. The full marathon type shows that the northern metropolitan area and the central metropolitan area are the main event venues in the spatial distribution analysis. Subsequent research data shows that the spatial distribution of the city where the semi marathon is that almost all administrative regions have races. The distribution of half-marathon events is relatively balanced and almost every region has such sport events. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
While the interdisciplinary study of crisis, disaster, and emergency management has become increasingly sophisticated, the identification of synergies, useful concepts, and future research agendas in relation to studies within the domain of sport event management to inform these areas, is still at a very early stage of development. The far-reaching global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic further illustrates the timely importance of this research agenda for both sports events and broader studies in festivals and events. The purpose of this article is to critically scope the resilience landscape to help further understand how studies on both international sports events (ISEs) specifically, and both sport and event management studies more generally, could be better informed by disaster management and resilience studies. The article highlights eight key thematic areas that merits further investigation and combines to identify a multidisciplinary research agenda and framework for advancing knowledge on managing crises and disasters in both sport and event management studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic is a potential threat to professional sporting events when they eventually return to their usual calendar with spectators' capacity of football stadiums usually exceeding 40,000 seats for important events. Hence, a strategy for safe return to sporting events is needed in the COVID-19 pandemic to pave the way towards a new normalcy. We reviewed the guidelines and policies implemented in organising the Amir Cup Football Final of Qatar, which hosted about 20,000 fans. The authors evaluated the publicly available information on the official websites of the various organizations involved and highlight the importance and usefulness of the Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Assay-Kit as a tool for screening sports spectators as well as the importance of a rigorous spectator pathway, including their accurate traceability thanks to a specific mobile phone application. Despite the surging of COVID-19 all over the world, a big football event with around 20,000 spectators in the same stadium has been hosted under strongly controlled preventative measures. These preventative measures show that it is possible to organize a major football match held outdoors, with the presence of thousands of supporters. This article is a call for action for the organisers of such events where the supporters' health status is traceable to provide the scientific community with actual data of post-event infection rates. Therefore, it is suggested to consider using procedures like the ones described in the present article as a potential model in the process of organizing big sporting events with spectators in times of COVID-19.